I expose some three tests in which we examined grammatical gender outcomes when you look at the Gloss
During the Check out 1 (according to research by the lookup paradigm by Vigliocco et al., 2005) we used an effective categorization activity, where professionals was in fact requested to decide a couple of terms and conditions out-of an effective triad, according to research by the first association about their resemblance. The goal would be to look at if below for example requirements grammatical sex consequences might be present to possess conceptual terms, labels from animals and you may inanimate items. For the Test 2, in line with the Implicit Organization Shot (IAT) paradigm, users performed a good semantic categorization activity not as much as severe time stress. The objective were to check if or not grammatical sex try implicitly available when performing a role you to definitely runs at the lexical and you may semantic level. From inside the Research step three, i tested this new attribution regarding female and male voices to animals and you can inanimate things, demonstrated possibly as the conditions otherwise images, so you’re able to guarantee whether or not the dictate from grammatical sex goes beyond the lexical and you may semantic account and you can towards graphic representations, and yourself contrasting the effects for spoken and you can visual stimulus.
We thought the obtained show will allow us to try the assumptions of one’s intercourse and you can sex hypothesis plus the resemblance and you may intercourse hypothesis relating to the newest Shine vocabulary
According to the intercourse and you may sex hypothesis, grammatical sex consequences are required becoming stronger into the dialects having a top texture within grammatical sex from nouns plus the physiological intercourse of its referents. From inside the Shine, this consistency is limited of the proven fact that you can find three sexes on singular mode (masculine, feminine, neutral) and two sexes throughout the plural function (masculine-private and you will non-masculine-personal), which have slightly an elaborate regards to their singular counterparts. Grammatical gender out-of nouns may vary between the singular and plural variations – the newest low-masculine-personal plural mode encompasses all the only one means nouns with the exception of male nouns writing on people. Such as for example, ‘10 pies’ (your pet dog) which is masculine into the only 1 function, becomes ‘te psy’ (dogs), which is non-masculine-individual for the plural, however, ‘ten kowal’ (good blacksmith, male just one) gets ‘ci kowale’ (blacksmiths, masculine-personal plural). A quicker constrained sort of brand new sex and you may gender theory create expect indeed there to-be grammatical gender effects just for nouns referring to help you pet and you can humans – that have a physical intercourse. Regarding the around three studies demonstrated within papers, i included nouns writing about pet (Experiment 1 and step 3), inanimate things (all tests) and you can conceptual suggestions (Try out step one).
Other grounds relevant to the newest gender and you can sex/resemblance and sex hypotheses is that the Polish code spends an excellent wide array of sex matical sex connected to of numerous elements of speech, not only to nouns. Grammatical gender needs to be believed when using verbs, numerals, adjectives, pronouns, etc. Therefore the resemblance and you will gender theory would anticipate you to grammatical gender consequences show up in all brand new exhibited studies, having fun with both animate and inanimate nouns. Observing grammatical sex consequences to own nouns dealing with things which do not have a biological sex would offer good service into resemblance and gender theory.
New rigorous form of brand new sex and you will gender theory carry out for this reason expect deficiencies in grammatical sex outcomes in Polish, not unlike of many typed studies in german
This new displayed lookup and additionally will decide to try two alot more certain search inquiries. Try out 2 spends an altered implicit organization take to to analyze whether or not grammatical sex outcomes inside the Polish are present on the lexicosemantic level, and not just toward abstract level. Try step three uses a technique that requires attributing masculine/feminine sounds in order to stuff for the a moving movie) to check on whether grammatical sex consequences exist towards a conceptual top. And if speaing frankly about Country dating review lexicosemantic and you may abstract amounts of handling, we make use of the distinction such as Vigliocco mais aussi al. (2005, p. 510): the fresh lexicosemantic level corresponds to the fresh meanings off terminology in addition to their linguistic operating (installing on the categories, retrieving and utilizing lexical recommendations, etc.) without the need to do intellectual representations of words’ referents. Conversely, the newest conceptual peak will be based upon the latest rational representations of referents and their characteristics, which is low-linguistic in nature. Playing with language versus dealing with mental representations out-of objects is exactly lexicosemantic, while you are operating mental representations without using code is strictly conceptual.